Las Piñas Bamboo Organ History & Sample Music - Musika ng Kawayan - Suite Cortesana - Pipe Organ Music (2023)

TRIVIA: Fray Diego Cera built only one organ with bamboo pipes.

For his own parish church, Diego Cera wanted to do something special: using ONLY bamboo pipes, as an experiment. This is what made our town famous. Bamboo was then still abundant in Las Piñas. The flutes produced some wonderful sound, one would never have expected to come from an ordinary plant. On the other side, it was not easy to tune bamboo.

The main challenge was that bamboo could not equal the glaring trumpet sound when using metal. He completed the entire set of 122 bamboo trumpets, tried them out, could not get the sound he wanted, and replaced them with another set of 122 metal trumpets placed them as decoration of the rear of the organ, and started making. This experiment with the trumpets took him 3 more years to complete the organ in 1824.

LAS PIÑAS BAMBOO ORGAN PIPES

The unique and historic Bamboo Organ is composed of 1,031 pipes; 902 pipes are made of bamboo and the remaining pipes are made of metal. It took Fr. Diego Cera 8 years to finish the organ (1816-1824).

747 speaking labial bamboo pipes

36 dummy labial bamboo pipes

119 dummy bamboo reed pipes

The total number of pipes is 1,031 and consists of:

747 speaking labial bamboo pipes

36 dummy labial bamboo pipes

119 dummy bamboo reed pipes

Pajaritos - 7 speaking labial metal pipes of tthe Bamboo Organ that produces bird-like sounds.

7 speaking labial metal pipes (pajaritos)

122 speaking metal reed pipes (horizontal trumpets)

(Video) Las Piñas Bamboo Organ - Musika ng Kawayan - Suite Cortesana - Pipe Organ Music

A vintage photo of the Las Piñas Bamboo Organ from the National Anthropological Archives

The Las Piñas Bamboo Organ in St. Joseph Parish Church in Las Piñas City, Philippines, is a 19th-century church organ with unique organ pipes; they are made almost entirely of bamboo. It was completed in 1824 by Father Diego Cera, the builder of the town's stone church and its first resident Catholic parish priest.

The organ was declared a National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines in 2003. The St. Joseph Parish Church, the church museum at the old convent house, and the famous organ is a popular tourist destination for Filipinos and foreign visitors alike in Las Piñas.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐨 𝐎𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐊𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐥𝐛𝐚𝐮 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐨𝐧𝐧, 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟑.

Almost 50 years ago, the Bamboo Organ was shipped to Bonn, Germany for restoration by Johannes Klais. The restored organ returned home in March 1975 to a joyous welcome by the Filipino people. Since then, an annual International Bamboo Organ Festival is held every February.

TRIVIA: THE BAMBOO ORGAN’S STORY OF RESTORATION

What happens to bamboo pipes, when they are brought to a country (Germany) with freezing temperature, and low humidity?

On July 28, 1973, the entire organ (except for the bamboo pipes) left Manila Harbor on the cargo ship "Essen" of the Hapag-Lloyd Line.

The captain saw to it that the best and most stable in the forward hold was assigned to the container with the valuable Bamboo Organ.

The precious cargo - luckily without the pipes - got stuck in the Singapore port for a considerable time because of engine trouble, extending its travel time from Manila to Germany to more than three months instead of six weeks. If the bamboo pipes would have joined the cargo, even more damage would have been caused to them.

Instead, the pipes traveled from the Philippines to Japan (through SABENA AIRLINES in April of the same year) where Klais-trained Yukio Tsuda restored the damaged pipes and replaced the lost 50 small pipes. The pipes were then flown to Brussels and then transported by thermo-freight train to Bonn.

Through all this, the cargo was kept at a temperature between 18C and 32C with a humidity modified to be the same as in the Philippines. Even its special room inside the Klais factory in Bonn had the same conditions to prevent the bamboos from cracking.(see picture with humidifier and B.O. covered with plastic before and after the recital in Klais workshop on Feb.18, 1975)

It was again SABENA AIRLINES which - free of charge - returned the pipes to the Philippines together with the rest of the organ parts: it was too great a risk of letting the bamboos travel by ship, SABENA decided within a few days, that this was their duty to preserve world heritage.

There were series of earthquakes occurred (July 14, 18, and 20, 1880) that heavily damaged the organ. And in October 1882, a typhoon hit the country causing the rise of flood water, reaching within the church's vicinity. The rainwater and stones got inside the organ case, which destroyed the instrument and made it unplayable for years.

After the incident, the Gobernadorcillo and other prominent residents of Las Piñas pleaded for help from the central administration in Manila. The pipes were stored in the old sacristy and were forgotten about until around 1917 when a tourist rediscovered its beauty.

The photo featured was the Bamboo Organ in a dismembered state, with parts scattered on the floor with some being drifted away by the flood.

When the Bamboo Organ was flown back to the Philippines in 1975, the question was raised: if any serious damage occurs to the organ, do we have to ship it again to Europe? Why can Filipinos not do this, given the proper training?

It was Dr. Johann Trummer who invited Cealwyn Tagle and Edgar Montiano to study organ building in Austria for this purpose. But they were so talented that 30 years later they are doing much more than just taking care of the Bamboo Organ: they construct new organs (here and abroad), restore the historic organs of the Philippines, and teach the new generation of organbuilders.

The Bamboo Organ is a Spanish instrument., built by a Spanish missionary, who experimented with bamboo pipes, replacing its metal and wooden pipes.

The Bamboo Organ survived during the American time: the bamboo pipes made it a “Filipino" instrument, thus avoiding the Spanish connection. Nobody cared about the 122 metal pipes in front (that were muted anyhow)

Take a look at an old photo of the Bamboo Organ in the church of Las Piñas, Luzon Island, Philippines. Date Created/Published: between ca. 1890 and 1923. Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. This is also available at beta.orgph.com

Full Version

Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam

A portrait of the Bamboo Organ of Las Piñas – Metro Manila, Philippines

Produced in 1982 (45 min.)

A concept of Charly H. Fugunt

A production of the Philippine-German Cooperative in collaboration with the Goethe-Institut Manila, using the facilities of Studio-Preuss München (Dietmar Preuss & Christian Klein) under the supervision of the Presidents of the Cooperative: Gerrit Bretzler (Director, Goethe Institut Manila) and Reynaldo Bautista (President of the University of Baguio)

Filming of the restoration of the church, transportation of the Bamboo Organ, concert in the Klais atelier, welcomed in Las Piñas by Fr. Mark Lesage, CICM using an 8-mm camera (1973-1975).

The soundtrack of the Handel concerto was provided by sound engineer Jozef Kamykowski (Vienna)

The following pieces are performed at the Bamboo Organ:

Sonatas by A.Soler

J.Pachelbel: Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan

G.F.Handel: Organ Concerto n.13in F major HWV 295 (3rd mov.)

More is known about Fr. Diego Cera and the Bamboo Organ since the time that this documentary movie was produced in 1982.

In the meantime, we know that there are some 15 organs all over the world with bamboo pipes.

Diego Cera built only one organ using bamboo canes as pipes (except for the trumpets), the Bamboo Organ of Las Piñas, where he was the first parish priest from 1795 to 1832. But the Bamboo Organ is not the only pipe organ he designed.

As organ builder, he was very much needed: He built three organs in Intramuros (San Nicolas, Manila Cathedral and San Agustin), one in Argao (Cebu) and one in Baclayon (Bohol). At the same time, he trained apprentices from the parish who assisted him, and who later constructed organs by themselves, even after his death in 1832. One in Sto.Tomas (Batangas), with documentary evidence, and four more still existing in Bohol (Dimiao, Loay, Loboc and Loon). These apprentices (called the ‘Diego Cera School’) trained the younger generation to maintain/repair the organs. But they could not compete with the importation of pipe organs which started after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. The craft was again taught to Filipinos thanks to Dr. Johann Trummer, who made it possible for Cealwyn Tagle to study organ building with Helmut Allgauer in Austria and Klais Orgelbau in Bonn, Germany. Tagle and his Diego Cera Organ Builders Inc. (since 1994) are responsible for the restoration of the few Spanish organs left in the Philippines , which otherwise would have been lost.

Credits:

Organists:

1. Donna Ofrasio (Las Piñas, Philippines)

2. Edgar Krapp (Munich, Germany)

3. Wolfgang Oehms (Trier, Germany)

Ensembles:

1. Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra (PPO)

Edmon Colomer, conductor (Spain)

2. Pangkat Kawayan

Chino Toledo, conductor (Philippines)

Camera:

1. Reinhold Bodis (Munich, Germany)

2. Roberto Yñiguez (Baguio City, Philippines)

Sound:

1. Eduard de Guia (Baguio City, Philippines)

2. Neithard Franke (Munich, Germany)

3. Josef Kamykowski (Vienna, Austria)

Narrator - Jürgen Schmitz (Düsseldorf, Germany)

Assistants:

1. Romeo Bagbagen (Baguio City, Philippines)

2. Christopf Franke (Munich, Germany)

Archived Pictures and Documents:

1. Francisco “Bobby” Mañosa (Manila, Philippines)

2. Hans Gerd Klais (Bonn, Germany)

3. Fr. Mark Lesage, CICM (Las Piñas)

Consultants:

1. Fr. Leo Renier, CICM (Las Piñas)

2. Ms. Helen Samson (Cologne / Manila)

3. Hans-Gerd Klais (Bonn, Germany)

4. Claudius Müller (Munich, Germany)

Regie and Editor:

1. K.H. Fugunt (Munich, Germany)

2. Franz Simon (Munich, Germany)

The "Musika ng Kawayan, Yaman ng Bayan" virtual concert is a showcase of Filipino talents, highlighting the use of local bamboo musical instruments (BMIs).

The event aims to promote the versatility of bamboo as an excellent and sustainable material for musical instruments, and feature the various BMIs used across the country.

The concert is organized under the "Bamboo Musical Instruments Innovation R&D Program" of the DOST-FPRDI, in partnership with UP Diliman, PNU, and DOST-PCIERRD.

Featured Bamboo Musical Instruments:

Among many others, the musical instruments which was featured in this concert include the bungkaka which creates a buzzing sound, the guitar-like kollitong, the nose flute tongali, the koratong bamboo tubes, percussion instruments such as tambi, patatag, marimba, and tongatong, as well as banduria, ukelele, and an organ all made of bamboo.

#PantugtogKawayan

#BambooMusicalInstruments

Video Source:

Bamboo Music, Wealth of the Town ′′ virtual concert - held November 27, 9-11 AM. Performed Online on DOST-FPRDI Facebook page.

Performances: Joey Ayala, Mr. Armando Salarza featuring Las Pinas Bamboo Organ, Bamboo Team, Dulag Karatong Festival Performers, Benicio Sokkong, Huni Ukulele, Dipolog Community Rondalla, and PNU Himig Bamboo. This is part of National Science and Technology Week celebration.

The abundant year-round supply of the different species of bamboo and its inexpensiveness are reasons why Filipinos have found a variety of ways of using bamboo for construction, cooking, medicine, textile, paper, and music. As many as the number of different linguistic groups in the Philippines is the diversity of music instruments that the Filipinos have made out of the plant, and these instruments differ in terms of timbre (tone quality), name, manner by which sounds are generated from them, and significance in the lives of Filipinos.

Indigenous Philippine bamboo instruments existed long before the Spaniards came to the Philippines. Bamboo music was heard during rituals, feasts, courtship scenes, work, and recreation. Bamboo music instruments can be classified into aerophones, idiophones, and chordophones.

Instruments that produce sounds when blown are called aerophones. Bamboo aerophones include various types of flutes, panpipes, and reed pipes, the most numerous found throughout the country being the paldong or palendag (vertical end-blown flute). The tongali (nose flute) is widespread in northern Philippines, but few are found in southern Philippines. It is played mostly by men and is used for serenading and courting, for quiet moments of relaxation, or for funerals. Flutes of Northern Luzon are tuned in pentatonic scales with or without semitones. The saggeypo, a type of stopped pipes, are aerophones found in the northern Kalinga. Used for entertainment by youth and adults, the saggeypo is also played while walking along mountain trails and may be played individually or as an ensemble. Meanwhile, the diwdiw-as (set of panpipes) found in Northern Philippines consists of open pipes that are tied together.

Idiophones produce sound when struck with an implement or with the hand. The source of vibration is the instrument itself. Bamboo idiophones in the Philippines are the xylophone, quill-shaped tubes, stamping tubes, scrapers, buzzers, clappers, and mouth harps. Bamboo tubes can be struck against each other, struck by sticks or mallets, stamped against hard objects, or shaken. The half-cut bamboo tongues in mouth harps (also called jew’s harps) are plucked. The mouth harp is found all over the Philippines and called by various names such as kulibao, ulibao, aribao, and kubing. The bunkaka (buzzers), tongatong (stamping tubes), and patang-ug (quill-shaped tubes) are prevalent among the Cordillera highlanders who use them for rites, celebrations, and entertainment. The patatag, a set of xylophone blades or staves, is used by the Kalinga children to learn the rhythmic patterns of the gangsa (gongs). The bamboo xylophone found in southern Philippines is called gabbang and kwintangan. The bamboo tubes with notches etched on the tube, which can only be found in southern Philippines, are called tagutok and kagul.

Chordophones are instruments that generate sound through the vibration of strings, either by plucking, striking, or bowing. A zither is an instrument with strings that run parallel to the length of its body. The body serves as a sound box or resonator. The zither has no neck, and the number of its strings varies. Zithers are found in northern Luzon, Mindanao, and Palawan. A common type is a bamboo tube whose strips are detached from its body but remain attached at both ends, with small bridges being inserted between the strips and the body. They are of two types: polychordal zithers with several strings that run around the tube and parallel-stringed zithers that usually have two strings on one side of the tube. Polychordal zithers are found in the Cordilleras, Mindanao, and Palawan, and are commonly called kudlung or kolitong. These are used for expressing human sentiments, for self-entertainment, for courtship, and for festive occasions as dance accompaniment.

The parallel-stringed tube zither has two to four strings that are plucked with the fingers or struck with small bamboo sticks. Boys and men play them for entertainment, with rhythms patterned after those played on the gongs. The bamboo half-tube zither among the Ifugao is called ayudding, and the paired string zither with slight variations found in northern and southern Philippines are called pas­ing, banban, tambi, kudlong, or takumbo.

Aside from its use in indigenous cultures, bamboo is also used to play Western music, as in the bamboo organ in Las Piñas, the musikong bumbong (bamboo wind instruments), the angklung (Indonesian bamboo ensemble), and other diatonically tuned instruments.

The bamboo organ at Saint Joseph Parish Church in Las Piñas is considered a National Cultural Treasure. The instrument is the oldest bamboo pipe organ in the world. Fray Diego Cera de la Virgen del Carmen (1762-1834), a Spanish missionary, started to build the bamboo organ in 1816 with the help of the people of Las Piñas. Cera allegedly buried the bamboos that he used as organ pipes under the sand by the seashore for a year in order to wash out traces of sugar and starch in the wood and thus create tough, mature pipes. The organ was first heard in 1821 but without the horizontal trumpets. Cera completed the work in 1824 after deciding to use metal for the horizontal trumpets whose character of sound he could not get with bamboo resonators. For the general structure, native Philippine wood species, such as narra, molave, and kamagong, were used.

The bamboo organ measures 5.17 meters tall, 4.11 meters wide, and 1.45 meters deep. Hans Gerd Klais, who restored the organ in the mid-1970s, noted that the instrument contains a total of 1,031 pipes, of which 902 are of bamboo and 129 pipes are of metal. The pitch of each pipe is determined by its length. The organ has two unpitched accessory stops: the pajaritos and the tanbor, which produce the coloristic sounds of birds and the rumble of kettledrums, respectively. The Las Piñas Bamboo Organ is based on a typical Spanish baroque model, following the organ construction style of the era in which Cera lived. In 1978, the Bamboo Organ Foundation, a nonstock and nonprofit organization, was founded for the purpose of preserving the instrument. Since the bamboo organ’s return to the Philippines after its restoration in Germany in 1973-1975, annual concerts have been held at the Parish of Saint Joseph. The Diego Cera Organ Builders Inc, the first Filipino pipe organ building company, is specifically responsible for the maintenance and preservation of the bamboo organ.

The musikong bumbong is an ensemble of bamboo instruments that are reproductions of European band instruments. It flourished in the villages during the Philippine revolutionary period in the last quarter of the 19th century. The sound of each instrument, like the trumpet, trombone, horn, oboe, clarinet, saxophone, and sousaphone, is different from its original model because the instruments rely on the voice of the performers to produce the sounds. An instrument is open at both ends and has a hole on the side covered with a membrane, which produces a buzzing sound when the player hums rather than blows into the mouthpiece. Because it is not the instrument that produces the sound per se but the voice of the player, the band of such instruments is called banda de voca, which is literally “band of the mouth.” The air pressure produced by the hum makes the membrane vibrate, and the resulting sound varies in pitch and loudness with the player’s humming. The shape of the instrument helps amplify and project the sound.

The musikong bumbong proliferated in the villages, some organized by the Katipunero (Filipino revolutionaries) who fought against Spain in 1896-1898. These Katipunero used their musical talents to entertain their comrades, enlivening their unit’s activities by playing patriotic songs. Gathering as musicians and playing music also served to mask their secret meetings, according to accounts of their descendants who are at present members of musikong bumbong. Organized along the lines of the marching band, these all-bamboo ensembles were attempts by 19th-century Filipino nationalists and revolutionaries to create a uniquely Filipino sound. Through the years, the instrumentation of the musikong bumbong has evolved from the banda de voca to the inclusion of sound-producing bamboo instruments like the bamboo flute, bumbong (bamboo tube which at first looked like a sousaphone, but whose shape later on returned to straight bamboo tubes), clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, and trompas (French horn that sounded like the bumbong). This was the case with Malabon Musikong Bumbong. For the Obando Musikong Bumbong or Banda Santa Clara Musikong Bumbong, instrumentation has not changed much since its establishment. The group simply added sound-producing instruments like the harmonica, bamban (alto saxophone), cymbals, snare, and bass drums.

A possible offshoot of the musikong bumbong are the various bamboo ensembles that were organized during the late 1950s, which employed bamboo instruments tuned diatonically like the bumbong, talungating (bamboo marimba), tulali (bamboo flute), tipangklung (bamboo piano), and angklung. An idiophone, the angklung is an indigenous bamboo instrument popular in Java, Indonesia. It was copied in the Philippines also in the late 1950s when replicas were made by bamboo instrument maker Victor Toledo, who included it, among other bamboo instruments that he made, in the ensemble he founded called the Pangkat Kawayan or the “singing bamboos” of the Philippines. Other manufacturers followed suit. Also called alugtug or tugtug na paalog (played by shaking), angklung is played in groups, with each person playing an instrument traditionally in an interlocking or staccato manner. The angklung and the other diatonically tuned instruments, like the marimba, bumbong, talungating, tulali, tipangklung, angklung, mini tipangklung, lira gabbang, panpipes, chordal angklung, kalagong, kalatok, and kalavien, have been used in a variety of combinations by various bamboo ensembles all over the Philippines and in other countries as well, with repertoire varying from folk song, spiritual, modern to classical music for diverse occasions. Other manufacturers of bamboo instruments are Gilbert M. Ramos of Malabon Musikong Bumbong (now called Musikawayan) and Siegfredo B. Calabig of PUP Banda Kawayan (now called Banda Kawayan Pilipinas). The angklung is used in schools, universities, and the communities because the material is abundant and cheap. It is easily played by all ages and can be performed in any setting because of its interesting and beautiful sound. It may also be included in bamboo ensembles and other ensembles, like the rondalla (stringed instrument ensemble) and the orchestra. All these are factors for angklung’s wide acceptance and popularity in the Philippines.

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This article is from the CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art Digital Edition.

Title: Bamboo Music

Author/s: Pacita M. Narzo (2018)

URL: https://epa.culturalcenter.gov.ph/5/35/771/

Publication Date: November 18, 2020

Access Date: December 22, 2021

Copyright © 2020 by Cultural Center of the Philippines